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Glossary

Investment, stock market, AI & fintech terminology explained

A

AI Agent

An autonomous AI system that can plan, take actions, and draw conclusions — distinct from chatbots in its ability to operate independently.

C

Coordinator Agent

The orchestrating agent in a Multi-Agent system — receives questions, understands intent, and assigns tasks to specialized agents.

D

Debt/Equity Ratio

The debt-to-equity ratio measures financial leverage — a D/E below 1 is generally considered safe for most industries.

L

LLM (Large Language Model)

A large language model trained on billions of texts — the foundation behind ChatGPT, Claude, and modern AI Agents.

M

MCP Tool

The Model Context Protocol allows AI agents to access real-time financial data through standardized tools.

Multi-Agent System

An AI architecture using multiple specialized agents working together, each responsible for a specific role.

P

P/E Ratio (Price-to-Earnings)

The price-to-earnings ratio tells you how much you pay for each dollar of a company's profit.

R

RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation)

An AI technique that combines real data retrieval with text generation to produce more accurate and up-to-date answers.

ROE (Return on Equity)

Return on equity measures how efficiently a company generates profit from shareholders' capital — an ROE above 15% is generally considered good.

S

Sentiment Analysis

Analyzing market sentiment from news, reports, and social media — helps assess whether investor mood is positive or negative.